Tuesday, January 22, 2013

Letter to the Reader

January 22, 2013

Dear Reader,


            I came into College Composition with useful writing skills that I had learned in 11th grade and also with a love for writing.  I loved writing about topics that I was interested in and that were familiar to me.  This class has made me realize that even if you don’t like a topic to begin with, you can learn to write in depth about it after research and applying writing techniques used in class.  An example of this is for the 9/11 narrative paper.  I didn’t have a personal story about 9/11, and I thought that it would be really difficult to come up with a fictional story about someone’s experience, but after researching the event more and using “The Ashen Guy: Lower Broadway, September 11, 2001” by Thomas Beller for references, I was able to come up with a theme and story line.  Along with being open to new topics, I am also able to write with a lot more description through our “explode a moment” exercises.  This technique makes writing a lot more fun and interesting.
            Coming into this class, my expectations were that we were going to be writing essays that would help prepare us for assignments that we might receive in college.  I believe these expectations were met through the modes of writing that we discussed in class and through the many different writing techniques and strategies that we learned and applied to our writing.  This class was structured around the different modes of writing that we took notes on during the very first week of the course.  The four categories of writing were narrative, descriptive, persuasive/argumentative, and expository.  Within these units, we went further in depth and talked about useful techniques such as sensory detail, connotation and denotation, dominant impression, showing vs. telling, exemplification, definition, process analysis, and transitions. 
            I learned a bunch of helpful tools that have helped me to write more effectively.  Two of these tools are transitions and the technique of listing.  The transitions that we discussed in class: for example, for instance, at last, instantly, and denotes, all help to make my writing flow more easily and help the reader to understand the point that I am trying to convey.  Also, with the listing technique, this comes in handy when there are many different examples that the reader would benefit from knowing.  For example, when we made a list of our favorite Halloween candy and then incorporated that list into a short, memorable Halloween story.  One of the short pieces we read in class that used listing was “What Is REALLY in a Hot Dog?”  All of the ingredients used in the hot dog were listed.   
            Two major areas in which I grew during this course were my ability to write with more description, and also, applying various writing techniques to my writing.  One exercise that we did in class that helped me write with more description was the “explode a moment.”  Instead of writing a simple sentence about an event that took place, I expanded the moment into intricate details that really helped to define each specific part of the event.  This technique comes to mind when I find a boring section in a paper that I am writing, and am then able to expand that less interesting part into a more descriptive scene.  Dominant Impression is another category under description that I grew in over the course of the semester.  When you write a paper with great detail, the reader can better understand the general feeling/impression about someone or something that you are trying to introduce.  For example, in “The Miss Dennis School of Writing” story by Alice Steinbach, the dominant impression of Miss Dennis is influential and inspiring.  Another descriptive technique found in “The Miss Dennis School of Writing” is sensory detail.  This technique helped me to describe every aspect of the situation that I am explaining.  It consists of the five senses: sight, smell, sound, touch, and taste.  Some pieces that we read in class that use many examples of sensory details are “The Mute Sense” by Diane Ackerman, and “A View From The Bridge” by Cherokee Paul McDonald.  An example of sight from “A View From The Bridge” is “blue base-ball caps with gold braid on the bill and a sailfish patch sewn onto the peak,” and an example of sound is the boy’s “shrill voice.” 
            The other major area that I grew as a writer was using writing techniques.  A technique that I learned a lot from was the showing vs. telling.  I tend to just write pure narration, but the Blog posts helped me to work in dialogue to create a narration and scene version.  This was very helpful in my writing.  Another technique was exemplification.  This is a method of development in which the writer uses a series of examples to support a point.  I tried to use as many strategies as possible from this technique, such as facts, events, people, statistics, and details.  Two pieces that we read, “Red, White, and Beer” by Dave Barry and “English Is a Crazy Language” by Richard Lederer, did a great job of introducing exemplification.  Definition was another writing technique that I improved upon throughout the semester.  In my definition paper, I used strategies such as surface meaning, dictionary definition, compare/contrast, description, and examples.  Lastly, feedback was very helpful for me during this course.  I improved upon my definition paper by reading feedback from my peers, and also added another example to my exemplification paper after reading the feedback from Ms. Basko.  It’s important to understand how others perceive your writing and know new ways to make your writing even better.
            As I read through my first papers and my last, I see a definite improvement in my ability to write in detail and give many good examples.  The tools that helped me the most were the writing techniques, and I know that as I go off to college, I will always keep them in mind and continually use them to strengthen my writing and give my pieces a deeper meaning.   

Sincerely Yours,

Sara MacNally

Narrative- Reflection



            We were introduced to Narration through short pieces that we studied in class, such as "The Ashen Guy: Lower Broadway, September 11, 2001" by Thomas Beller.  Through this story especially, I noticed useful techniques throughout that I was able to use in my own narrative paper.  Some of these techniques are dialogue, conflict, theme, and point of view. 
            I didn’t have a personal story about 9/11, and I thought that it would be really difficult to come up with a fictional story about someone’s experience, but after researching the event more and using “The Ashen Guy” narrative for references, I began to come up with a story line.
            I think that a strength of my paper is the organization.  I began the narrative by introducing the two main characters separately and then having them meet without knowing each other.  I then split up each character’s story, and ended by explaining how their paths had crossed and how that had saved both of their lives.
            After the self-evaluation of my paper, I realized that I could definitely improve on my word choice.  Even though I had some strong verbs in my paper already, for example: the smoke was “pouring” out, and the golden pin was “sparkling,” there were many places where I used “said” or “told.”  I went through and tried to change all of these weaker verbs to help strengthen my paper.  Some of the words I changed were from “said” to “exclaimed,” from “told them” to “reported to them,” and also from “said” to “replied.”  Even though my first draft didn’t have these strong verbs, I thought that I brought the narration alive through specific nouns such as World Trade, Bank of America, Starbucks, Broadway, and Windows on the World.
            Another strategy that the self-evaluation process helped me to use more of was dialogue.  I found a place at the end of my piece where dialogue would have helped to clarify what the main character was thinking.  It really added to the intensity of the situation and made it more believable.
            Another area of my first draft that needed improvement was my title.  This was the first paper that I wrote in Ms. Basko’s class, and I didn’t know that we needed a title other than “9/11 Narrative.”  After reading through the list of title that other members of my class had used for one of our other papers, I realized how creative a title could be and how just a few well-written words can draw a reader into a paper and really catch their attention.  Based on the theme of my narrative, I decided to re-title my paper “Fate Before the Fall.”
            After changing a couple of other aspects about my paper, like taking out contractions, replacing parenthesis with commas, and writing out the numbers ten and twenty, my final draft became a much stronger narrative.  The self-evaluation helped to pinpoint the spots that needed work and also helped me to identify important strategies that I could use for not only this paper, but also in the future. 

Narrative- Revised


Fate Before the Fall
            It was a Tuesday morning at 8:15, and Jenny was walking to work.  She works on the 11th floor of 1 World Trade at the Bank of America.  Like every other morning before work, Jenny stopped at the same Starbucks on Broadway and ordered her usual coffee.  She was friends with a woman who worked there, Sylvia, and started talking with her as her coffee was being made. 
“Anything new happening at work today?” Sylvia asked.
“Just another meeting with a new couple who want to invest in the Bank.  We’re meeting at Windows on the World today to discuss it.” 
            While telling this to Sylvia, Jenny was walking towards the door getting ready to leave.  After opening the door, she turned around to say goodbye to Sylvia, and did not realize where she was walking. 
            A man and a woman who were walking down the street ran right into Jenny and her coffee spilled down the front of her white blouse. 
“Oh!  I’m so sorry!” the woman exclaimed.
“No, that’s ok.  I wasn’t looking where I was going.”
            The woman, who was wearing a bright red coat with a big red hat to match, apologized again and leaned over to pick up her golden bird pin that had fallen off from the collision. 
            Thankfully Jenny has an apartment close by and was able to get a cab to take back there before work.  While in the cab, Jenny called in to work and told her secretary to tell the couple coming in to meet with her that she would be about twenty minutes late.
*  *  *
            It was now 8:30.  Matt and Kristen were getting off the elevator on the 11th floor of 1 World Trade. 
“We’re here for our appointment with Mrs. Gordon.  We wanted to check in here before going up to Windows on the World.”
“Oh yes, she just called about ten minutes ago and wanted me to let you know that she will be about twenty minutes late.  She’s very sorry for the inconvenience,” the secretary reported to them.
Kristen and her husband decided that they would run over to a store across the street and pick up a gift for their daughter’s birthday while they were waiting.
Kristen turned to the secretary, “Ok, we’ll be back in twenty minutes.”
“Thanks for understanding.  By the way, I love you coat and hat!  Red is my favorite color.”
“Thank you very much,” Kristen replied on her way out.  Her golden pin sparkling from the light let in by the large glass widows.
*  *  *
            It was 8:45 and Jenny was getting ready to leave her apartment again and catch another cab to 1 World Trade.  As she was grabbing her wallet she turned to check the temperature reading outside her window, and she could not believe what she saw. 
“Oh my god, what is that?,” Jenny uttered, horrified.
There was smoke rising up in the distance that seemed as if it were pouring out from somewhere.  She ran down the stairs leading to the exit and ran out to the street.  People had looks of horror on their faces and Jenny still had no idea what was happening.  She stopped an old man in the street and asked him if he knew anything, and he told her that a plane had just crashed into 1 World Trade.  Jenny was in disbelief.  If she hadn’t bumped into the couple in the street and spilled coffee on her shirt, she would have been at a business meeting at Windows on the World.
            Kristen was thinking the same exact thing.  If the meeting had started on time, they might have been trapped in Windows on the World.  Neither of them realized that their paths crossed that day, and that one small event, spilling coffee, saved all of their lives.

Monday, January 21, 2013

Narrative


9/11 Narrative

            It was a Tuesday morning at 8:15, and Jenny was walking to work.  She works on the 11th floor of 1 World Trade at the Bank of America.  Like every other morning before work, Jenny stopped at the same Starbucks on Broadway and ordered her usual coffee.  She was friends with a woman who worked there, Sylvia, and started talking with her as her coffee was being made. 
“Anything new happening at work today?” Sylvia asked.
“Just another meeting with a new couple who want to invest in the Bank.  We’re meeting at Windows on the World today to discuss it.” 
            While telling this to Sylvia, Jenny was walking towards the door getting ready to leave.  After opening the door, she turned around to say goodbye to Sylvia, and didn’t realize where she was walking. 
            A man and a woman who were walking down the street ran right into Jenny and her coffee spilled down the front of her white blouse. 
“Oh!  I’m so sorry!” the woman said to Jenny.
“No, that’s ok.  I wasn’t looking where I was going.”
            The woman, who was wearing a bright red coat with a big red hat to match, apologized again and leaned over to pick up her golden bird pin that had fallen off from the collision. 
            Thankfully Jenny has an apartment close by and was able to get a cab to take back there before work.  While in the cab, Jenny called in to work and told her secretary to tell the couple coming in to meet with her that she would be about 20 minutes late.
*  *  *
            It was now 8:30.  Matt and Kristen were getting off the elevator on the 11th floor of 1 World Trade. 
“We’re here for our appointment with Mrs. Gordon.  We wanted to check in here before going up to Windows on the World.”
“Oh yes, she just called about 10 minutes ago and wanted me to let you know that she will be about 20 minutes late.  She’s very sorry for the inconvenience,” the secretary told them.
Kristen and her husband decided that they would run over to a store across the street and pick up a gift for their daughter’s birthday while they were waiting.
Kristen turned to the secretary, “Ok, we’ll be back in 20 minutes.”
“Thanks for understanding.  By the way, I love you coat and hat!  Red is my favorite color.”
“Thank you very much,” Kristen said on her way out.  Her golden pin sparkling from the light let in by the large glass widows.
*  *  *
            It was 8:45 and Jenny was getting ready to leave her apartment again and catch another cab to 1 World Trade.  As she was grabbing her wallet she turned to check the temperature reading outside her window, and she couldn’t believe what she saw.  There was smoke rising up in the distance that seemed as if it were pouring out from somewhere.  She ran down the stairs leading to the exit and ran out to the street.  People had looks of horror on their faces and Jenny still had no idea what was happening.  She stopped an old man in the street and asked him if he knew anything, and he told her that a plane had just crashed into 1 World Trade.  Jenny was in disbelief.  If she hadn’t bumped into the couple in the street and spilled coffee on her shirt, she would have been at a business meeting at Windows on the World. 
            Kristen was thinking the same exact thing.  If the meeting had started on time, they might have been trapped in Windows on the World.  Neither of them realized that their paths crossed that day, and that one small event (spilling coffee) saved all of their lives.

Exemplification Paper- Reflection


            We were first introduced to exemplification in class when we read the short pieces “Red, White, and Beer” by Dave Barry, and “English Is a Crazy Language” by Richard Lederer.  The different writing strategies introduced in these pieces that I tried to incorporate in my own were facts, events, details, observations, people, and other kinds of specific items.
            It took me some time before I came up with my topic: coincidences.  I think it came to me when I was talking to someone about a crazy coincidence that had recently happened to me.  I thought that the topic was perfect because everyone can relate to it, and there are many examples in history of coincidences and also many stories in my own life. 
            It was really easy for me to write this paper because the topic really intrigued me.  I leaned so much as I was researching the many coincidences in history, that I ended up with a long list of examples.  From the great examples that I found, I was able to place the coincidences into four categories: coincidences with people, events, numbers, and nature.  This helped me to organize the paper and allow the categories to flow from one to the next.
            I think that I ended up with a really great first draft because I spent a lot of time researching the topic and making sure that I had enough exaples.  Ms. Basko agreed that I had a nice first draft with a variety of examples, but thought that one or two more would really help to make the argument stronger. 
            After fixing some other grammatical errors that Ms. Basko edited, I added in another example after paragraph three.  I’m really glad that she made the suggestion to add another example, because by adding another example, I gained more knowledge of another coincidence in history, and so will the reader of my final paper.  I wrote about the striking similarities between Morgan Robertson’s book, The Wreck of the Titan, and the story of the Titanic.
            I thought that adding another example really did help to make my final draft stronger.  This was my favorite paper to write because I learned so much through researching the topic and was able to apply many of the strategies used in exemplification, such as details, events, and people.

Exemplification Paper- Revised


That is a Crazy Coincidence!

         Agatha Christie once said, “A coincidence is always worth noticing.  You can always discard it later if it proves to be only a coincidence.”  Life is full of large and sometimes unnoticeable coincidences that can have different meanings to different people.  Coincidences occur with numbers, people, events, and even in nature.
            We truly live in a small world after all.  Everything is connected in some way or another.  Frigyes Karinthy came up with an idea called the “Six Degrees of Separation.”  This concept stated that everyone in the world is separated from everyone else by six links, so that a chain of “a friend of a friend” statement can be made to connect any two people in six steps.  This idea of everyone being connected in some way is also represented in an ancient Chinese myth.  It says that the gods have tied a red thread around every one of our ankles and attached it to all the people whose lives we are destined to touch.  This thread may stretch or tangle, but it will never break.
            Two well-known people who were coincidentally connected in their lifetime are Abraham Lincoln and John. F. Kennedy.  These two men had seven letters in their last name, studied law, were born second children, served in the military, were boat captains, were elected President in ’60, were elected to the House of Representatives in ’46, and had four children, two of whom died before becoming a teen.  When they were killed, they were both shot in the head on a Friday, they were seated beside their wives when shot, and Lincoln sat in Box 7 at Ford’s Theater and Kennedy rode in Car 7 in the Dallas motorcade.  Both assassins used three names: John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harry Oswald.  Booth shot Lincoln at a theater and was cornered in a warehouse, and Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and was cornered in a theater.  What’s the likelihood of that happening?
            Another crazy coincidence is between Morgan Robertson’s book, The Wreck of the Titan, and the story of the Titanic.  The Wreck of the Titan was published in 1898, 14 years before the Titanic was even finished being built.  The Titan was described as "the largest craft afloat and the greatest of the works of men," "equal to that of a first class hotel," and, of course, "unsinkable.”  Both ships were British-owned steel vessels, around 800 feet long, and sank after hitting an iceberg in the North Atlantic, in April, "around midnight."  Another almost exact fact from the book was that the Titan crashed into an iceberg “400 miles from Newfoundland” at 25 knots.  Most of this is true, except the Titanic was at 22.5 knots.  Lastly, both the Titan and the Titanic had too few lifeboats on board to accommodate all of the passengers. 
            People seem to find many coincidences with numbers as well.  Some people come across the same number many times throughout their life, or have a “lucky number” that seems to show up at a specific time or when they hope for it.  With Uri Geller, that number was always eleven.  He thinks that eleven “represents a positive connection and a gateway to the mysteries of the universe and beyond.”  An event in history where this number coincidentally came up often was during the attacks on 9/11.  9 + 1 + 1 = 11, Afghanistan is eleven letters long, September 11th is the 254th day of the year: 2 + 5 + 4 = 11, after September 11th there are 111 days left to the end of the year, and the first plane to hit the towers was Flight 11.
            Coincidences can also be found in nature.  From certain shapes, such as a spiral, to a certain property of nature that allows us to survive, these concurrences are surrounding us all.  A famous cosmologist, Sir Fred Hoyle, realized that the particular level of an energy transition in the carbon atom facilitated the creation of carbon in massive stars.  If this energy level were slightly different, by less than a percent, carbon could not be created in the standard cycle in massive stars.  Carbon could not exist, and so biology could not exist as we understand it.  Is this a coincidence?
            With a large enough sample size, many odd coincidences are likely to happen.  Some people find it astonishing that there are more than 16 million others on the planet who share their birthday.  Everyday, events are happening in people's lives that cause them to question their true meaning.  Was that dream just a coincidence?  Does that number have a deeper meaning?  Does life have a certain purpose, or is it all just a crazy coincidence?  

Exemplification Paper


That is a Crazy Coincidence!

         “A coincidence is always worth noticing.  You can always discard it later if it proves to be only a coincidence,” (Agatha Christie).  Life is full of large and sometimes unnoticeable coincidences that can have different meanings to different people.  Coincidences occur with numbers, people, events, and even in nature.
            We truly live in a small world after all.  Everything is connected in some way or another.  Frigyes Karinthy came up with an idea called the Six Degrees of Separation.  This concept stated that everyone in the world is separated from everyone else by six links, so that a chain of “a friend of a friend” statement can be made to connect any two people in six steps.  This idea of everyone being connected in some way is also represented in an ancient Chinese myth.  It says that the gods have tied a red thread around every one of our ankles and attached it to all the people whose lives we are destined to touch.  This thread may stretch or tangle, but it will never break.
            Two well-known people who were coincidentally connected in their lifetime are Abraham Lincoln and John. F. Kennedy.  These two men had seven letters in their last name, studied law, were born second children, served in the military, were boat captains, were elected President in ’60, were elected to the House of Representatives in ’46, and had four children, two of whom died before becoming a teen.  When they were killed, they were both shot in the head on a Friday, they were seated beside their wives when shot, and Lincoln sat in Box 7 at Ford’s Theater and Kennedy rode in Car 7 in the Dallas motorcade.  Both assassins used three names: John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harry Oswald.  Booth shot Lincoln at a theater and was cornered in a warehouse, and Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and was cornered in a theater.  What’s the likelihood of that happening?
            People seem to find many coincidences with numbers as well.  Some people come across the same number many times throughout their life, or have a “lucky number” that seems to show up at a specific time or when they hope for it.  With Uri Geller, that number was always eleven.  He thinks that eleven “represents a positive connection and a gateway to the mysteries of the universe and beyond.”  An event in history where this number coincidentally came up a lot was during the attacks on 9/11.  9 + 1 + 1 = 11, Afghanistan is eleven letters long, September 11th is the 254th day of the year: 2 + 5 + 4 = 11, after September 11th there are 111 days left to the end of the year, and the first plane to hit the towers was flight 11.
            Coincidences can also be found in nature.  From certain shapes, such as a spiral, to a certain property of nature that allows us to survive, these concurrences are surrounding us all.  A famous cosmologist, Sir Fred Hoyle, realized that the particular level of an energy transition in the carbon atom facilitated the creation of carbon in massive stars.  If this energy level were slightly different, by less than a percent, carbon could not be created in the standard cycle in massive stars.  Carbon could not exist, and so biology could not exist as we understand it.  Is this a coincidence?
            With a large enough sample size, many odd coincidences are likely to happen.  Some people find it astonishing that there are more than 16 million others on the planet who share their birthday.  Everyday, events are happening in people’s lives that cause them to question their true meaning.  Was that dream just a coincidence?  Does that number have a deeper meaning?  Does life have a certain purpose, or is it all just a crazy coincidence?

Definition Paper- Reflection


         Definition writing is a method that people see everyday, and Ms. Basko defined it as “a method of development in which the writer clarifies the meaning of a term to support a point.”  We read a short piece called “The Wife-Beater” by Gayle Rosenwald Smith, which defined a type of clothing, and I picked up on many different strategies used in this piece, such as compare/contrast, dictionary definition, description, and surface meaning.
         I wanted to write about a unique topic for this paper, and chose a clothing “accessory” instead of an actual piece of clothing.  I thought that it would be interesting to learn about where the sequin came from and how it is being used in the fashion world.
         This paper was very easy to write because the research that I was doing about the topic was very interesting.  All of the facts and history that I was gathering about the sequin made my paper flow really nicely and have a solid structure.  I think the best parts of my first draft were the history of the sequin, the dictionary definition, and the overall organization of the paper.  I opened with places that sequins can be found, went into the history of the sequin, added a dictionary definition, and then talked about future possibilities.
         I kept this same structure throughout the editing process on the way to my final draft, but the peer feedback session helped me to add more to my paper.  Under the “other techniques” section on the feedback sheet, people wrote that I could have included my own opinion about sequins, as well as some modern fashion examples that could be used to make connections.  I added both my opinion and modern information to the last paragraph, and I think that it added more depth to the paper.
         Looking through papers written by my peers, I noticed that some people used pictures to convey their topic.  I wanted to add this strategy to my paper so that it would give readers a visual to go along with the description. 
         Lastly, I looked over the “Essay Titles” paper that Ms. Basko gave us, and wanted to make my title more eye-catching.  I changed the original, The Sequin, to “Sequins in the Spotlight.”  I thought that this title would draw more people in to the paper.
         I hope that after reading this paper, readers will be more educated on the history of the sequin and how it is used in the modern fashion world.  This paper has introduced me to a wider range of strategies that I can apply to any definition paper that I write in the future.

Definition Paper- Revised


Sequins in the Spotlight
            They can be found everywhere and serve many different purposes.  From embellishing the ruby slippers that Judy Garland wore in the Wizard of Oz, to being worn in many cultures to distract and deflect evil spirits, sequins are a very popular accessory.
            Sequins have been around for centuries, dating back to Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.  We usually think of sequins as pieces of shiny plastic, but they were originally made of coins.  Tiny holes were drilled into the coins and they were attached to clothing.  Archaeologists have even found mummified pharaohs wrapped in sequined cloth.  Gypsies brought sequins over to Europe, often wearing coins sewn on their clothing.  The “purpose” of wearing these sequins was to demonstrate wealth and power.
            The Funk and Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary defines the term sequin as:
1.    A small coinlike ornament sewn on clothing
2.    An obsolete gold coin of the Venetian republic, later introduced into Turkey: also called zecchino
            The word “sequin” can be traced to the Arabic word “sikka,” meaning coin. “Sikkas” were used for centuries to decorate clothing throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean.  In Venice, Italy during the thirteenth century, people produced coins called “zecchinos” to embellish clothing.  The French adapted this word to “sequin,” which we now use today.
            Sequins have become very popular on all types of clothing and accessories, including wedding dresses, prom dresses, purses, and even on shoes.  I had sequins on almost every one of my dance costumes and also on clothes when I was younger.  Sometimes, though, fashion designers can go overboard with sequins and make outfits look very cheap, but overall, sequins really help to brighten up an outfit and give it a pretty glow or sparkle..  Sequins have not gone out of style and will definitely continue to be used in the future.
           

Saturday, January 12, 2013

Definition Paper


The Sequin
           They can be found everywhere and serve many different purposes.  From embellishing the ruby slippers that Judy Garland wore in the Wizard of Oz, to being worn in many cultures to distract and deflect evil spirits, sequins are a very popular accessory.
            Sequins have been around for centuries, dating back to Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.  We usually think of sequins as pieces of shiny plastic, but they were originally made of coins.  Tiny holes were drilled into the coins and they were attached to clothing.  Archaeologists have even found mummified pharaohs wrapped in sequined cloth.  Gypsies brought sequins over to Europe, often wearing coins sewn on their clothing.  The “purpose” of wearing these sequins was to demonstrate wealth and power.
            The Funk and Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary defines the term sequin as:
  1. A small coinlike ornament sewn on clothing
  2. An obsolete gold coin of the Venetian republic, later introduced into Turkey: also called zecchino
            The word “sequin” can be traced to the Arabic word “sikka,” meaning coin. “Sikkas” were used for centuries to decorate clothing throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean.  In Venice, Italy during the thirteenth century, people produced coins called “zecchinos” to embellish clothing.  The French adapted this word to “sequin,” which we now use today.
            Sequins are very popular in the fashion world, and will definitely continue to be used into the future.

Thursday, January 10, 2013

Topic Proposal for Essay


1.       Title: Go Green

2.       Topic: Environmental problems

3.       Personal Connections: I’m interested in this topic because I want to help protect the environment and find ways to reduce pollution.

4.       Audience: This is an important topic in the world today, and other people interested in helping the environment might find it very interesting. 

5.       Purpose: After someone reads my essay, I want them to be informed of the harm caused to the environment and know how they can do something to help make the planet more environmentally friendly.

6.       Classification or division: Division because I’m breaking up the topic of the environment into different parts.

7.       Potential categories: Pollution, harm to people animals, how damaging the environment affects our daily lives, how to help clean up the environment, positive effects that a clean environment has had in the past, little tasks that people can do daily to help reduce damage to the environment.

8.       Examples: Under the pollution category, some examples would be pollution of water and land, what causes pollution, and how we can limit it.  I would give examples of factories (run-off) and recycling.

9.       Techniques: History: I can give the history of pollution and how it has shaped our planet, Definition: define pollution, Compare and Contrast: an environment with/without pollution and the benefits of a clean environment, and Listing: listing different sources of pollution, types of pollution, and ways we can help.

10.   Potential problems: I will need to research the examples so that I can be more specific.